![]() Before this, chickens did not thrive during the winter (due to lack of sunlight), and egg production, incubation, and meat production in the off-season were all very difficult, making poultry a seasonal and expensive proposition. The major milestone in 20th-century poultry production was the discovery of vitamin D, which made it possible to keep chickens in confinement year-round. In the US, according to its National Pork Producers Council, 80 million of its 95 million pigs slaughtered each year are reared in industrial settings. Industrial production was estimated to account for 39 percent of the sum of global production of these meats and 50 percent of total egg production. For 2002–2003, FAO estimates of industrial production as a percentage of global production were 7 percent for beef and veal, 0.8 percent for sheep and goat meat, 42 percent for pork, and 67 percent for poultry meat. Intensive production of livestock and poultry is widespread in developed nations. Breeding programs are used to produce animals more suited to the confined conditions and able to provide a consistent food product. ![]() fences or creeps, are used to control movement or actions regarded as undesirable. Methods employed to maintain health and improve production may include the use of disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, anthelmintics, hormones and vaccines protein, mineral and vitamin supplements frequent health inspections biosecurity and climate-controlled facilities. The aim is to produce large quantities of meat, eggs, or milk at the lowest possible cost. Intensive farms hold large numbers of animals, typically cows, pigs, turkeys, geese, or chickens, often indoors, typically at high densities. In 1990 intensive animal farming accounted for 30% of world meat production and by 2005 this had risen to 40%. From its American and West European heartland, intensive animal farming became globalized in the later years of the 20th century and is still expanding and replacing traditional practices of stock rearing in an increasing number of countries. The United Nations writes that "intensification of animal production was seen as a way of providing food security." In 1966, the United States, United Kingdom and other industrialized nations, commenced factory farming of beef and dairy cattle and domestic pigs. The era of factory farming in Britain began in 1947 when a new Agriculture Act granted subsidies to farmers to encourage greater output by introducing new technology, in order to reduce Britain's reliance on imported meat. In the 1930s, 24 percent of the American population worked in agriculture compared to 1.5 percent in 2002 in 1940, each farm worker supplied 11 consumers, whereas in 2002, each worker supplied 90 consumers. : 29 During the same period, the number of people involved in farming dropped as the process became more automated. Developments in shipping networks and technology have made long-distance distribution of agricultural produce feasible.Īgricultural production across the world doubled four times between 18 (1820 to 1920 1920 to 1950 1950 to 19 to 1975) to feed a global population of one billion human beings in 1800 and 6.5 billion in 2002. Chemicals developed for use in World War II gave rise to synthetic pesticides. The discovery of antibiotics and vaccines facilitated raising livestock in larger numbers by reducing disease. The discovery of vitamins and their role in animal nutrition, in the first two decades of the 20th century, led to vitamin supplements, which allowed chickens to be raised indoors. Innovations from the late 19th century generally parallel developments in mass production in other industries in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution. Intensive animal farming is a relatively recent development in the history of agriculture, and the result of scientific discoveries and technological advances. It does not store any personal data.Further information: History of agriculture The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". ![]() ![]() This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.
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